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Senin, 18 September 2017

Larangan yang Wajib Diperhatikan Dalam Pengurusan Jenazah, Satupun Jangan Dilakukan



BEBERAPA HAL YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN DALAM URUSAN JENAZAH

Setiap orang dianjurkan untuk selalu ingat mati, baik melalui hati maupun lisan, bertaubat, dan menghindari perbuatan zhalim. Terlebih bagi orang yang sedang sakit, sesuai dengan sabda Rasulullah Saw, “Perbanyaklah mengingat pemutus kenikmatan; maut.” Persiapkanlah diri menjemput kematian dengan cara bertaubat dan menjauhi perbuatan zhalim.

Prosesi jenazah dalam Islam memiliki makna yang sangat besar. Selain bisa mengingatkan orang akan kematian juga mempunyai keutamaan dan bisa mendatangkan pahala, sebagaimana sabda Nabi Shalallaahu alaihi wasalam, yang artinya: “Barangsiapa yang mengantarkan jenazah seorang muslim karena iman dan mengharap pahala sedang ia selalu menyertai jenazah tadi, sampai di shalati dan selesai dikubur, maka ia akan membawa pulang pahala dua qirath, sedang satu qirath adalah sebesar gunung Uhud” (Shahihul Jami’ No. 6136)

Baca juga : Alasan Mengapa Kebanyakan Manusia Matanya Melotot Saat Dicabut Ruhnya Menurut Ustadz Abdul Somad

Demikian besar keutamaan mengikuti prosesi jenazah ini, namun perlu diketahui, bahwa untuk memperoleh keutamaan tersebut tentu kita tidak boleh sembarangan dalam melaksanakan proses mengurus jenazah tadi. Karena pahala tadi dijanjikan oleh Nabi Shalallaahu alaihi wasalam, maka tentunya prosesi jenazah yang dilakukan harus mengikuti petunjuknya sebab merupakan suatu yang aneh jika kita mengharapkan pahala atau keutamaan, namun cara yang dianjurkan untuk memperolehnya tidak dilakukan dan bahkan cenderung menyelisihi.

Sebagaimana dilansir dari wordpress , tulisan singkat ini akan memberikan beberapa penjelasan mengenai hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan jenazah, perkara-perkara yang dibolehkan dan juga beberapa hal yang dilarang berkaitan dengannya, semoga bermanfaat.

Anjuran yang diperbolehkan dalam urusan jenazah : 
  • Dibolehkan seseorang yang akan meninggal untuk berwasiat memberi-kan hartanya (kepada selain ahli waris) dengan batas maksimal sepertiganya, dan bagi orang yang menunggui di saat menjelang kematiannya di sunnahkan untuk menuntunnya membaca (mentalqin) kalimat syahadat, la ilaha illallah supaya ucapan di akhir hayatnya adalah kalimat tauhid. Rasululloh Shalallaahu alaihi wasalam bersabda, yang artinya: “Barang siapa yang akhir ucapannya adalah la ilaha illallah (tiada sesembahan yang haq kecuali Alloh) maka dia masuk surga.” (HR: Abu Dawud dan al-Hakim dari Muadz bin Jabal Radhiallaahu anhu ) Yang demikian adalah bagi orang yang mengucapkan, meyakini serta mengamalkan konsekuensi kalimat tersebut semasa hidupnya, dan dia tidak pernah melakukan sesuatu perbuatan yang d apat membatalkannya. Ini merupakan salah satu dari tanda-tanda husnul khatimah, dan selain itu, ada beberapa tanda lain dari husnul khatimah seperti meninggal ketika sedang melakukan amal shalih, syahid atau meninggal fi sabilillah, meninggal karena tha’un (kolera/pes), sakit perut, tenggelam, terbakar, TBC, tertimpa reruntuhan atau longsoran. Juga meninggal di masa nifas bagi wanita setelah melahirkan.
  • Jika ia telah meninggal dunia, maka dianjurkan memejamkan mata-nya, menutupinya, dan memohonkan rahmat kepada Allah untuknya, kemudian keluarganya (ahlinya) supaya bersegera dalam melaksanakan prosesi jenazah, tidak perlu disemayamkan sampai berhari-hari. Bagi keluarganya juga di haruskan untuk cepat-cepat menyelesaikan hutang yang ditanggung oleh si mayit (jika ia berhutang).
  • Dibolehkan membuka wajah orang yang meninggal, lalu mencium dahinya (antara dua matanya), dan bagi keluarga yang ditinggal supaya bersabar atas takdir Allah yang menimpanya, janganlah mereka marah (meratapi) atas musibah tersebut
  • Disunnahkan berwudhu bagi orang yang mengangkat jenazah atau membawanya dan tidak wajib baginya mandi. Jenazah hendaknya di bawa dengan tenang , khusyu’ sambil mengingat akhirat dan kematian.
  • Disunnahkan memasukkan mayit ke dalam kubur, dengan meletakkan di atas lambung kanannya, serta posisi wajah menghadap ke kiblat, seraya mengucapkan,Artinya, “Dengan menyebut nama Alloh, dan atas jalan Rasululloh.” Setelah itu ditimbun dengan tanah, kubur hendaknya dibiarkan apa adanya, yakni tidak boleh dimarmer atau di semen, kuburan juga tidak boleh ditinggikan atau di bangun, lalu dicat atau dikapur.
  • Bagi orang yang hadir di kuburan hendaknya jangan terburu-buru untuk bubar, namun supaya diam sejenak untuk mendo’akan mayit dengan cara masing-masing berdo’a sendiri-sendiri, bukan salah seorang berdo’a lalu diamini oleh yang lainnya. Rasululloh Shalallaahu alaihi wasalam bersabda, yang artinya:“Mohonlah ampunan untuk saudaramu (mayit yang baru selesai di makamkan) dan mohonkanlah untuknya agar Allah menetapkannya (dengan kalimat tauhid) karena dia sekarang sedang ditanya.” (HR: Abu Dawud dan Al-Hakim)
  • Disyariatkan untuk ta’ziah (mengibur) keluarga mayit dengan kalimat-kalimat yang baik dan sesuai, dan ta’ziah ini boleh sampai tiga harinya. Contoh kalimat untuk menghibur/ membesarkan hatinya misalnya: “Sungguh hanya milik Alloh apa-apa yang Dia ambil, sama juga apa yang Dia berikan adalah milikNya, segala sesuatu adalah hanya milikNya, dan pasti ada batasnya sampai ajal yang telah ditentukan, maka sabarlah dan mohonlah pahala atas musibah ini.” Dan kalimat-kalimat lain semisal yang tidak menyelisihi syari’at, namun pada intinya adalah untuk menguatkan hati keluarga yang ditinggal supaya bersabar, menerima dan ridha dengan takdir Alloh, sehingga tidak larut dalam kesedihan yang berkepanjangan.
BEBERAPA HAL YANG PERLU DIPERHATIKAN
  • Membacakan surat Yaasin untuk si mayit bukan termasuk ajaran Islam, karena tidak ada hadits shahih yang menjelaskan masalah ini. Bahkan dalam surat Yaasin tersebut ada satu ayat yang menjelaskan bahwa Al Qur’an ini adalah pering atan bagi orang yag hidup: “Supaya dia (Muhammad) memberi peringatan kepada orang-orang yang hidup (hatinya) dan supaya pastilah (ketetapan azab) terhadap orang-orang kafir.” (QS: 36: 70)
  • Dilarang niyahah (meratap) atas kematian seseorang apalagi sampai berteriak-teriak dan meraung-raung menangis, menampar pipi dan merobek baju, ini semua termasuk perkara-perkara jahiliyah.
  • Jika seseorang meninggal dunia, maka diutamakan agar dikuburkan di negri tempat meninggalnya tersebut. Rasululloh Shalallaahu alaihi wasalam pernah memerintahkan untuk membawa pulang jenazah yang rencananya akan di bawa ke Madinah, beliau memerintahkan agar jenazah tersebut di makamkan di negri tempat dia meninggal
  • Tidak diperbolehkan menshalatkan orang yang murtad (keluar dari Islam) atau orang yang tidak pernah shalat (karena para ulama menghukumi, bahwa orang yang tidak pernah shalat, maka dia adalah kafir, pen), tidak pula memintakan ampun buat mereka. Mereka juga tidak ada hak saling mewarisi dan tidak boleh di kuburkan di pekuburan orang muslim.
  • Termasuk kesalahan yang sering dilakukan oleh sebagian orang adalah mengangkat/mengeraskan suara di depan jenazah misalnya menyerukan kalimat tauhid, memanggil-manggilnya, menyebutkan syahadat dengan sangkaan, bahwa yang demikian memberi manfaat kepadanya, padahal Alloh telah berfiman, yang artinya: “Sesungguhnya kamu tidak dapat menjadikan orang-orang yang mati mendengar dan (tidak pula) menjadikan orang-orang yang tuli mendengar panggilan, apabila mereka telah berpaling membelakang.” (QS: 27: 80)
  • Mengumandangkan adzan di kubur adalah tidak ada tuntunannya di dalam Islam, baik itu ketika jenazah dimakamkan ke liang kubur atau setelah selesainya penguburan. Mereka mengira ini bisa mengingatkan si mayit. Bisa jadi mayit yang diadzankan itu masa hidupnya termasuk orang yang sering mendengar adzan, namun tidak memenuhi panggilan adzan tersebut. Dan bukankah ad
  • Membacakan surat Yaasin untuk si mayit bukan termasuk ajaran Islam, karena tidak ada hadits shahih yang menjelaskan masalah ini. Bahkan dalam surat Yaasin tersebut ada satu ayat yang menjelaskan bahwa Al Qur’an ini adalah pering atan bagi orang yag hidup: “Supaya dia (Muhammad) memberi peringatan kepada orang-orang yang hidup (hatinya) dan supaya pastilah (ketetapan azab) terhadap orang-orang kafir.” (QS: 36: 70)
  • Dilarang niyahah (meratap) atas kematian seseorang apalagi sampai berteriak-teriak dan meraung-raung menangis, menampar pipi dan merobek baju, ini semua termasuk perkara-perkara jahiliyah.
  • Jika seseorang meninggal dunia, maka diutamakan agar dikuburkan di negri tempat meninggalnya tersebut. Rasululloh Shalallaahu alaihi wasalam pernah memerintahkan untuk membawa pulang jenazah yang rencananya akan di bawa ke Madinah, beliau memerintahkan agar jenazah tersebut di makamkan di negri tempat dia meninggal
  • Tidak diperbolehkan menshalatkan orang yang murtad (keluar dari Islam) atau orang yang tidak pernah shalat (karena para ulama menghukumi, bahwa orang yang tidak pernah shalat, maka dia adalah kafir, pen), tidak pula memintakan ampun buat mereka. Mereka juga tidak ada hak saling mewarisi dan tidak boleh di kuburkan di pekuburan orang muslim.
  • Termasuk kesalahan yang sering dilakukan oleh sebagian orang adalah mengangkat/mengeraskan suara di depan jenazah misalnya menyerukan kalimat tauhid, memanggil-manggilnya, menyebutkan syahadat dengan sangkaan, bahwa yang demikian memberi manfaat kepadanya, padahal Alloh telah berfiman, yang artinya: “Sesungguhnya kamu tidak dapat menjadikan orang-orang yang mati mendengar dan (tidak pula) menjadikan orang-orang yang tuli mendengar panggilan, apabila mereka telah berpaling membelakang.” (QS: 27: 80)
  • Mengumandangkan adzan di kubur adalah tidak ada tuntunannya di dalam Islam, baik itu ketika jenazah dimakamkan ke liang kubur atau setelah selesainya penguburan. Mereka mengira ini bisa mengingatkan si mayit. Bisa jadi mayit yang diadzankan itu masa hidupnya termasuk orang yang sering mendengar adzan, namun tidak memenuhi panggilan adzan tersebut. Dan bukankah adzan adalah panggilan untuk shalat sedangkan shalat merup akan kewajiban orang Islam yang masih hidup?
  • Termasuk hal yang tidak benar adalah mengumpulkan orang, menyembelih binatang (kambing atau sapi) dan makan-makan di tempat keluarga mayit, bahkan tidak jarang ada yang berlebih-lebihan atau terkadang memaksakan diri dalam hal ini. Yang dianjurkan adalah membuatkan makan untuk keluarga mayit, karena mereka sedang dalam keadaan duka, sehingga mungkin tidak sempat untuk mema-sak, bukan sebaliknya makan-makan di rumah mereka.
  • Ada sebagian orang yang memberi persaksian, bahwa si mayit termasuk ahli iman, orang baik dan orang shaleh padahal kenyataan yang terjadi adalah sebaliknya. Persaksian seperti ini tidak ada gunanya di hadapan Alloh, karena Dia Maha Tahu atas segala sesuatu.
  • Banyak orang yang menaburkan bunga, biji-bijian (misal, beras kuning) atau jenis-jenis tanaman lain di atas kuburan. Hal ini juga tidak memberi manfa’at bagi orang yang meninggal. Yang memberi manfaaat baginya adalah amal shalehnya: “Dan bahwasanya seorang manusia tiada memperoleh selain apa yang telah diusahakannya,” (QS: 53: 39)
  • Termasuk hal baru yang tidak pernah dicontohkan oleh Nabi dan juga para shahabatnya adalah mengadakan acara-acara tertentu di mana orang-orang berkumpul, duduk-duduk dan tidak jarang sampai menutup jalan umum, biasanya selama tiga hari berturut-turut. Hal ini bisa mengganggu jalan sesama muslim dan memperlambat urusan mereka, disamping acara tersebut memang tidak pernah dicontohkan di dalam agama Islam.
  • Termasuk hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah bahwa, banyak para pelayat (orang yang berta’ziyah) ketika jenazah selesai dikuburkan tidak mendo’akan untuknya. Namun segera bubar lalu berbaris di pintu gerbang makam untuk menghibur (ta’ziyah) kepada keluarga mayit, satu per satu memegangi pudak keluarga mayit tersebut.
  • Merupakan hal yang baru juga dan tidak boleh dilakukan: menulis ayat-ayat Al Qur’an di kiswah (kain penutup) jenazah, menyembelih binatang di sekitar pintu rumah setelah jenazah dibawa keluar, menyediakan tempat/ruangan khusus untuk orang yang berta’ziyah, serta berdiri meng-hadap ke kuburan sambil bersedekap seperti shalat ketika mendo’akan mayit.


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